Therefore, this scaffold shows potential in regenerative medicine, mainly in SCI. In vivo, the GelMA/ECM scaffolds recruited NSCs at the injured site, promoted neuron regeneration, and reduced the formation of glial scars and the inflammatory response, which further led to a significant improvement in the functional recovery of SCI. In addition, the GelMA/ECM scaffolds significantly reduced the proportion of M1-phenotype macrophages, which is favorable for SCI repair. Compared to GelMA hydrogel fibrous scaffolds (GelMA scaffolds), GelMA/ECM scaffolds promoted more NSCs toward neurons by markedly enhancing the expression of MAP-2 and Tuj-1 and decreasing GFAP expression. Moreover, the GelMA/ECM scaffolds had good mechanical properties and reinforced cell adhesion and proliferation. Herein, we developed GelMA/ECM hydrogel fibrous scaffolds (GelMA/ECM scaffolds) that can recruit and enhance the differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) by electrospinning and decellularization techniques. However, insufficient mechanical properties limit its wide application. Cell-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) has been applied in spinal cord injury (SCI) regeneration because of its various biological functions.
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